Powershell: общие сведения о DACL для принтеров

Для меня это звучит как ожидаемое поведение. Например, если вы исследуете безопасность принтера с помощью консоли управления принтером, вы можете заметить, что есть одна запись ACE для данного участника безопасности с флажками для печати, управления этим принтером и документов управления.

Однако, если вы щелкнете страницу «Расширенная безопасность», для этого участника безопасности может быть два ACE: один для управления этим принтером, а второй для управления документами, и обычно есть ACE для всех для разрешения на печать.

Если вас интересует, как операционная система определяет и интерпретирует эти разрешения, вот одно из возможных представлений. Как видите, «Управление принтерами» включает в себя несколько других разрешений, которые могут объяснить результат.

[Flags]
public enum PrinterRights : int
{
    None = 0,
    Print = (ACCESS_MASK.PRINTER_ACCESS_USE | ACCESS_MASK.READ_CONTROL),
    ManageDocuments = (ACCESS_MASK.JOB_ACCESS_ADMINISTER | ACCESS_MASK.JOB_ACCESS_READ | ACCESS_MASK.DELETE | ACCESS_MASK.READ_CONTROL | ACCESS_MASK.WRITE_DAC | ACCESS_MASK.WRITE_OWNER),
    ManagePrinters = (ACCESS_MASK.PRINTER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER | ACCESS_MASK.PRINTER_ACCESS_USE | ACCESS_MASK.DELETE | ACCESS_MASK.READ_CONTROL | ACCESS_MASK.WRITE_DAC | ACCESS_MASK.WRITE_OWNER),
    ReadPermissions = ACCESS_MASK.READ_CONTROL,
    ChangePermissions = ACCESS_MASK.WRITE_DAC,
    TakeOwnership = ACCESS_MASK.WRITE_OWNER
}

[Flags]
public enum ACCESS_MASK : int
{
    #region Bits 01-15: Specific Rights
    /// <summary>
    /// Authorization to cancel, pause, resume, or restart the job.
    /// </summary>
    JOB_ACCESS_ADMINISTER = 0x00000010,
    /// <summary>
    /// Read rights for the spool file.
    /// </summary>
    JOB_ACCESS_READ = 0x00000020,
    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights for jobs combining STANDARD_RIGHTS_EXECUTE, JOB_ACCESS_ADMINISTER, and PRINTER_ACCESS_USE.
    /// </summary>
    JOB_EXECUTE = (STANDARD_RIGHTS.EXECUTE | JOB_ACCESS_ADMINISTER | PRINTER_ACCESS_USE),
    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights for jobs combining STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED, JOB_ACCESS_READ, and JOB_ACCESS_ADMINISTER.
    /// </summary>
    JOB_READ = (STANDARD_RIGHTS.REQUIRED | JOB_ACCESS_READ | JOB_ACCESS_ADMINISTER),
    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights for jobs combining STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE, JOB_ACCESS_ADMINISTER, and PRINTER_ACCESS_USE.
    /// </summary>
    JOB_WRITE = (STANDARD_RIGHTS.WRITE | JOB_ACCESS_ADMINISTER | PRINTER_ACCESS_USE),


    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights for printers to perform administrative tasks.
    /// </summary>
    PRINTER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER = 0x00000004,
    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights for printers to perform basic printing operations.
    /// </summary>
    PRINTER_ACCESS_USE = 0x00000008,
    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights for printers to perform all administrative tasks and basic printing operations except SYNCHRONIZE. Combines STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED, PRINTER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER, and PRINTER_ACCESS_USE.
    /// </summary>
    PRINTER_ALL_ACCESS = (STANDARD_RIGHTS.REQUIRED | PRINTER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER | PRINTER_ACCESS_USE),
    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights for printers combining STANDARD_RIGHTS_EXECUTE and PRINTER_ACCESS_USE.
    /// </summary>
    PRINTER_EXECUTE = (STANDARD_RIGHTS.EXECUTE | PRINTER_ACCESS_USE),
    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights for printers combining STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ and PRINTER_ACCESS_USE.
    /// </summary>
    PRINTER_READ = (STANDARD_RIGHTS.READ | PRINTER_ACCESS_USE),
    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights for printers combining STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE and PRINTER_ACCESS_USE.
    /// </summary>
    PRINTER_WRITE = (STANDARD_RIGHTS.WRITE | PRINTER_ACCESS_USE),


    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights to administer print servers.
    /// </summary>
    SERVER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER = 0x00000001,
    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights to enumerate print servers.
    /// </summary>
    SERVER_ACCESS_ENUMERATE = 0x00000002,
    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights for print servers to perform all administrative tasks and basic printing operations except SYNCHRONIZE. Combines STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED, SERVER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER, and SERVER_ACCESS_ENUMERATE.
    /// </summary>
    SERVER_ALL_ACCESS = (STANDARD_RIGHTS.REQUIRED | SERVER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER | SERVER_ACCESS_ENUMERATE),
    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights for print servers combining STANDARD_RIGHTS_EXECUTE and SERVER_ACCESS_ENUMERATE. 
    /// </summary>
    SERVER_EXECUTE = (STANDARD_RIGHTS.EXECUTE | SERVER_ACCESS_ENUMERATE),
    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights for print servers combining STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ and SERVER_ACCESS_ENUMERATE.
    /// </summary>
    SERVER_READ = (STANDARD_RIGHTS.READ | SERVER_ACCESS_ENUMERATE),
    /// <summary>
    /// Access rights for print servers combining STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE, SERVER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER, and SERVER_ACCESS_ENUMERATE.
    /// </summary>
    SERVER_WRITE = (STANDARD_RIGHTS.WRITE | SERVER_ACCESS_ADMINISTER | SERVER_ACCESS_ENUMERATE),

    SPECIFIC_RIGHTS_ALL = 0x0000ffff,
    #endregion
    #region Bits 16-23: Standard Rights
    /// <summary>
    /// The right to delete the object.
    /// </summary>
    DELETE = BASE_RIGHTS.DELETE,
    /// <summary>
    /// The right to read the information in the object's security descriptor, not including the information in the SACL.
    /// </summary>
    READ_CONTROL = BASE_RIGHTS.READ_CONTROL,
    /// <summary>
    /// The right to modify the DACL in the object's security descriptor.
    /// </summary>
    WRITE_DAC = BASE_RIGHTS.WRITE_DAC,
    /// <summary>
    /// The right to change the owner in the object's security descriptor.
    /// </summary>
    WRITE_OWNER = BASE_RIGHTS.WRITE_OWNER,
    /// <summary>
    /// The right to use the object for synchronization. This enables a thread to wait until the object is in the signaled state. Some object types do not support this access right.
    /// </summary>
    SYNCHRONIZE = BASE_RIGHTS.SYNCHRONIZE,

    /// <summary>
    /// Combines DELETE, READ_CONTROL, WRITE_DAC, and WRITE_OWNER access
    /// </summary>
    STANDARD_REQUIRED = STANDARD_RIGHTS.REQUIRED,
    /// <summary>
    /// Currently defined to equal READ_CONTROL
    /// </summary>
    STANDARD_READ = STANDARD_RIGHTS.READ,
    /// <summary>
    /// Currently defined to equal READ_CONTROL
    /// </summary>
    STANDARD_WRITE = STANDARD_RIGHTS.WRITE,
    /// <summary>
    /// Currently defined to equal READ_CONTROL
    /// </summary>
    STANDARD_EXECUTE = STANDARD_RIGHTS.EXECUTE,
    /// <summary>
    /// Combines DELETE, READ_CONTROL, WRITE_DAC, WRITE_OWNER, and SYNCHRONIZE access
    /// </summary>
    STANDARD_ALL = STANDARD_RIGHTS.ALL,
    #endregion
    #region Bit  24...: Access System Security
    /// <summary>
    /// Access system security (ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY). It is used to indicate access to a system access control list (SACL). This type of access requires the calling process to have the SE_SECURITY_NAME (Manage auditing and security log) privilege. If this flag is set in the access mask of an audit access ACE (successful or unsuccessful access), the SACL access will be audited.
    /// </summary>
    ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY = 0x01000000,
    #endregion
    #region Bit  25...: Maximum allowed
    /// <summary>
    /// Maximum allowed (MAXIMUM_ALLOWED).
    /// </summary>
    MAXIMUM_ALLOWED = 0x02000000,
    #endregion
    #region Bits 26-27: Reserved
    #endregion
    #region Bits 28-31: Generic Rights
    /// <summary>
    /// Generic all 
    /// </summary>
    GENERIC_ALL = 0x10000000,
    /// <summary>
    /// Generic execute 
    /// </summary>
    GENERIC_EXECUTE = 0x20000000,
    /// <summary>
    /// Generic write 
    /// </summary>
    GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000,
    /// <summary>
    /// Generic read 
    /// </summary>
    //GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000
    #endregion
}

/// <summary>
/// Standard Access Rights
/// </summary>
/// <see cref="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa379607(VS.85).aspx"/>
[Flags]
public enum BASE_RIGHTS : int
{
    /// <summary>
    /// The right to delete the object.
    /// </summary>
    DELETE = 0x00010000,
    /// <summary>
    /// The right to read the information in the object's security descriptor, not including the information in the SACL.
    /// </summary>
    READ_CONTROL = 0x00020000,
    /// <summary>
    /// The right to use the object for synchronization. This enables a thread to wait until the object is in the signaled state. Some object types do not support this access right.
    /// </summary>
    SYNCHRONIZE = 0x00100000,
    /// <summary>
    /// The right to modify the DACL in the object's security descriptor.
    /// </summary>
    WRITE_DAC = 0x00040000,
    /// <summary>
    /// The right to change the owner in the object's security descriptor.
    /// </summary>
    WRITE_OWNER = 0x00080000
}

/// <summary>
/// Standard Access Rights
/// </summary>
/// <see cref="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa379607(VS.85).aspx"/>
[Flags]
public enum STANDARD_RIGHTS : int
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Currently defined to equal READ_CONTROL
    /// </summary>
    READ = BASE_RIGHTS.READ_CONTROL,
    /// <summary>
    /// Currently defined to equal READ_CONTROL
    /// </summary>
    WRITE = BASE_RIGHTS.READ_CONTROL,
    /// <summary>
    /// Currently defined to equal READ_CONTROL
    /// </summary>
    EXECUTE = BASE_RIGHTS.READ_CONTROL,
    /// <summary>
    /// Combines DELETE, READ_CONTROL, WRITE_DAC, and WRITE_OWNER access
    /// </summary>
    REQUIRED = (BASE_RIGHTS.DELETE | BASE_RIGHTS.READ_CONTROL | BASE_RIGHTS.WRITE_DAC | BASE_RIGHTS.WRITE_OWNER),
    /// <summary>
    /// Combines DELETE, READ_CONTROL, WRITE_DAC, WRITE_OWNER, and SYNCHRONIZE access
    /// </summary>
    ALL = (BASE_RIGHTS.DELETE | BASE_RIGHTS.READ_CONTROL | BASE_RIGHTS.SYNCHRONIZE | BASE_RIGHTS.WRITE_DAC | BASE_RIGHTS.WRITE_OWNER)
}